A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS ON CHILD (0-5 YEARS) HEALTH CARE
PRACTICES IN VISAKHAPATNAM
ABSTRACT
To assess the
time allocation for child care and the nutritional status of children aged below
5 years. A survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire and taking of
anthropometric measurements to determine the nutritional status of children
aged below 5 years. The data was
analyzed by SPSS to make sure objectivity in the results. A survey was
conducted in a sample of households to assess time allocation for the main
child care activities. Mother's knowledge about child care influences the
amount and type of care that is given to children. Time taken to perform
various activities was also found to vary with the mother's educational level,
father's educational level, their occupation, number of children less than five
years in the house and the child age and birth order. Comparitively, children
who were malnourished had less time devoted to them for breastfeeding,
activeness of the child and feeding. Although mothers were the primary
caregivers, the responsibility of care giving was shared with their relatives,
other household members and also with neighbours. The amount and type of care that
a child receives is determined to a large extent by the mother and caregiver
knowledge. The study found that effective mother's and father's knowledge
regarding the child care had a profound impact on the delivery of quality child
care practices.
Why we choose this project is to get
the awareness in parents to take care of
their children .And this project mainly focus on children whose age is
below 5 years .Now a days the parents are busy in their jobs and don’t care
about their children .Many parents know use childcare from their child’s infancy from their
playschools or creche…etc .Early childcare is an equally important and
often overlooked component of child
development quality care from a young age can have a substantial impact on
the future successes of children . In
some cases, it is also seen that children care for other children. we outline a
series of interventions with a strong theoretical and empirical evidence base
for improving physical and cognitive development of young children in the
mentioned areas, including improved nutrition and sanitation, parental
stimulation, parental involvement and care taker focus on cognitive and
emotional development of the child.We hope that this project will inform that
how and which factors are more influenced on child health.
Objectives
of the study:
To examine
the child care practices in the study area i.e. Greater Visakhapatnam city. To
find determinants for causing the mortality in the study area. To suggest the
suggestions for policy makers
Methodology:
The
information that we have collected for the survey childcare practices and
health status For children below 5 years and the information we have collected
in the areas like Maddilapalem, Gurudwara, Seethammapeta, NAD, Peddawaltair
,Chinnawaltair, HBcolony , Venkojipalem, Pedhagadhulu, Madhurawada, P.M.Palem,
Gidijala and Gajuwaka.
The
statistical package for the social
sciences (SPSS) software plat form offers advanced statistical analysis,
avast library of machine learning algorithms, text analysis, opensource
extensibility, integration with big data and seamless Deployment into applications. It'sease of use,
flexibility and scalability make SPSS accessible to user so fall skill
levels.What 's more, it's suitable for projects of all sizes and levels of complexity
and can help you and your organization find new opportunities,improve
efficiency and minimize risk.With in the SPSS software family of products, SPSS
statistics support a top-down, hypothesis testing approach to your data while
SPSS modeler exposes patterns and models hidden in data through abottom-up,
hypothesis generation approach.
The Chi-square test is a
test that involves the use of parameter to test the statistical significance of
the observations under study. It was denoted by and was discovered by
"HELVERT" .In 1876 and was developed by " KARL PEARSON" in 1900.
The task of the Chi-square test is to test the statistical significance of the
observed relationship with respect to the expected relationship. The Chi square
statistic is used by the researcher for determining whether or not a
relationship exists. The researcher should know that the greater the difference
between the observed and expected cell frequency, the larger the value of the
Chi square statistic in the Chi square test. The rear varieties of Chi square
tests that are used by the researcher .They are cross regulation, Chi square
test for the goodness of fit, likelihood ratio test Chi square test , etc.
Results and Discussions: In this study the total
frequency of Female respondents are 113 and the total frequency of Male
respondents are 87.Father wise occupation of the sample respondents are
presented in the Table. 2. Hence we conclude that there is majority of children
are females.
From the above table, it is
observed that total sample respondents are 200. Among these respondents 14.5
percent respondents occupations government job and 47.0 percent respondent
occupations private job and 38.5 percent respondent occupations daily labour
the total valid percent is 100.Hence we conclude that there is majority of
respondents are government job holders.
From the table, it is
noticed that regarding the educational status of the respondent, 46. 5 percent
are having less than SSC and the frequency is 93.20. percent are less than
intermediate and the frequency is 40.About 33.5 are above graduates and the
frequency is 67.The total valid percent is 100.Hence we conclude that the
educational status of the respondents the majority is less then intermediate.
From the table, it is
observed according to the age and sex of the children's are the total number of
female respondents are 56.5 percent and the total number of male respondents
are 43.5 percent .Among them from the age of 0 to 12 months the female's are 4
percent and male children's are 6 percent and the total percent is 10 .From the age of 1 to 2 years
the female's are 8. 5 percent and male's are 3. 5 percent and the total percent
is 12. From the age of 2 to 3 years the female's are 14.5 percent and male’s are
6 percent and 21.5 is the total percent. From the age of 3 to 4 years the females
are 13.5 percent and male's are 11.5 percent and the total percent is 25. From
the age of 4 to 5 years the female's are 16 percent and male's are 16.5 percent and the total percent is 31.5
From the table, it is
observed that the child was born on before or after the delivery. 62.0 percent
of children are born in the correct time of the delivery date and 13.5 percent
of children are born in after 5 days of the delivery date and 13.5 percent of
children are born in after 2 days of the delivery date and 7.0 percent of
children are born in below 10 days of the delivery date and 4.0 percent of children
are born in below in 15 days of the delivery date.
Major
Findings of the study:
The major finding of the study is as following, After analysing the
percent score of having heard about the child care practices. Majority of the
respondents had heard about this child care practices. Some of them had totally
had no knowledge about child care. Present study showed that there is some lack
of awareness about child care practices and its important factors of giving
healthy food and good environment among the parents. As a result many health
issues for example: diarrhoea, measles and fever, cough, cold ,etc. Most of the
parents were aware became they were educated but the remaining parents were
uneducated so they don’t follow any measures to look after their children.
Parent study showed that the majority
of the parents education is 46.55% are having less than SSC and the frequency
is 93.20% less than intermediate and the frequency is 40. About 33.5 are above
graduates and the frequency is 67. The total valid percent is 100. So majority
of educated parents are more that means majority of the people were aware of
the child care practices and also aware of their health status.
· Implicitly government can motivate people to reduce inequalities that
stem from health and human capital formation in childhood.
· This entails implementing policies that remediate outcomes for
disadvantaged children as well as protect against further disadvantage.
· Several significant steps need to take policies on nutrition.
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